XENOGRAFT ACTS ON STEM CELLS

E. Isufaj¹, A. Pellati² and P. Daliu¹

¹Dental School, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania;
²Dept of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Correspondence to:
Patricia Daliu, PhD
Dental School,
Albanian University,
Tirana, Albany
e-mail: e.isufaj@au.edu.al

Received:  31 March 2022 Accepted: 26 April 2022

Copyright © Biolife Sas 2022 ISSN 1973-6401 This publication and/or article is for individual use only and may not be further reproduced without written permission from the copyright holder. Unauthorized reproduction may result in financial and other penalties. Disclosure: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

ABSTRACT

Xenogeneic bone substitute derived from bovine cancellous bone has become a widely used biomaterial in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery for bone augmentation and regeneration procedures. It is composed of deproteinized bovine bone minerals with organic components removed to minimize immunogenicity and enhance biocompatibility. Xenogeneic bone substitute exhibits excellent osteoconductivity, allowing for the ingrowth of host bone and facilitating long-term stability and integration with surrounding tissues. For this reason, we investigated how xenogeneic bone substitutes act on dental pulp stem cells to differentiate them into osteoblasts, measuring the expression levels of bone-related genes and stem cell markers by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time RT-PCR). The results indicated that RUNKS and FOSL1 strongly increased gene expression after 4 days of treatment. Although its role in bone biology is still being elucidated, FOSL1 and MMP XII appear to exert effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, modulating their activity and contributing to bone homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Xenograft bone substitutes act on dental stem cells and promote osteoblast differentiation.

KEYWORDS: graft, bone, osteoblasts, stem, expression